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E l -Fakhouri S et al .
248 Rev Assoc Med Bras 2016; 62(3):248-254
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Epidemiological profile of ICU patients at Faculdade de Medicina
de Marília
Silene El-Fakhouri1*, Hugo Victor Cocca Gimenez Carrasco2, Guilherme Campos Araújo3, Inara Cristina Marciano F rini3
1PhD – Lecturer of the Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital das Clínicas de Marília, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (Famema), Marília, SP, Brazil
2Stricto Sensu Masters degree. Lecturer of the Intensive Care Medicine, Famema, Marília, SP, Brazil
3Medical Student, 6th year – Famema, Marília, SP, Brazil
Summary
Study conducted at Faculdade de
Medicina de Marília, Hospital das
Clínicas de Marília, Marília, SP, Brazil
Article received: 10/12/2014
Accepted for publication: 10/17/2014
*Correspondence:
Address: Rua Monte Carmelo, 800,
Fragata
Marília, SP – Brazil
Postal code: 17519-030
Phone: +55 14 3402-1744 –
Extension 1711 (ICU)
Objective: To characterize the epidemiological profile of the hospitalized pop-
ulation in the ICU of Hospital das Clínicas de Marília (Famema).
Method: A retrospective, descriptive and quantitative study. Data regarding
patients admitted to the ICU Famema was obtained from the Technical Infor-
mation Center (Núcleo Técnico de Informações, NTI, Famema). For data anal-
ysis, we used the distribution of absolute and relative frequencies with simple
statistical treatment.
Results: 2,022 ICU admissions were recorded from June 2010 to July 2012 with
1,936 being coded according to the ICD-10. The epidemiological profile com-
prised mostly males (57.91%), predominantly seniors ≥ 60 years (48.89%), at an
average age of 56.64 years (±19.18), with limited formal education (63.3% com-
plete primary school), mostly white (77.10%), Catholic (75.12%), from the city of
Marília, state of São Paulo, Brazil (53.81%). The average occupancy rate was
94.42%. The predominant cause of morbidity was diseases of the circulatory sys-
tem with 494 admissions (25.5%), followed by traumas and external causes with
446 admissions (23.03%) and neoplasms with 213 admissions (11.00%). The av-
erage stay was 8.09 days (±10.73). The longest average stay was due to skin and
subcutaneous tissue diseases, with average stay of 12.77 days (±17.07). There
were 471 deaths (24.32%), mainly caused by diseases of the circulatory system
(30.99%). The age group with the highest mortality was the range from 70 to 79
years with 102 deaths (21.65%).
Conclusion: The ICU Famema presents an epidemiological profile similar to
other intensive care units in Brazil and worldwide, despite the few studies avail-
able in the literature. Thus, we feel in tune with the treatment of critical care pa-
tients.
Keywords: intensive care units, health profile, epidemiology, mortality.
Introduction
The concept of intensive care appeared in the Crimean
War (1854), when Florence Nightingale and 38 other vol-
unteers in Scutari (Turkey) cared for seriously injured
British soldiers, grouped and isolated in areas with pre-
ventive measures to prevent infections and epidemics,
such as dysentery and tetanus. Mortality reduction was
remarkable. Later in Baltimore, in 1923, a three-bed unit
specialized in neurosurgical postoperative period was cre-
ated. Since then, new technologies have been incorporat-
ed into intensive care.1
The structure of care, as it is known today, was devel-
oped in the 1950s in response to the polio epidemic, when
the first mechanical fans, called “iron lungs” were devel-
oped.2 The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) has become, since
then, an important resource for the treatment, recovery
or maintenance of physiological functions in critically ill
patients or potentially severe cases that need continuous
and specialized care, such as permanent monitoring of
vital signs, drug support and specialized support, includ-
ing mechanical ventilators and hemodialysis machines
to recover some organic insufficiencies.3,4