RAMB - Maio / Junho 2016

pidemiological

profile

ICU

patients

aculdade

edicina

arília

ssoc

ras

2016; 62(3):248-254

251

es, CID-10 A00-B99, with a predominance of Bacterial

Infection, including Sepsis and Septic Shock. Last, and

still relevant, the Diseases of the Respiratory System, CID-

10 J00-J99, with a predominance of Influenza Infection

and Pneumonia.

TABLE 2

Prevalence of the most frequent categories and

subcategories admitted to the ICU

vs.

ICD-10.

ICD-10

N n (relative %)

I00-I99 Diseases of the circulatory system

494

Cerebrovascular diseases

156 (31.5)

Ischemic heart diseases

138 (27.93)

S00-T98 Traumas and external causes

446

Injuries to the head

202 (45.29)

Injuries to the hip and thigh

78 (17.48)

C00-D48 Neoplasms

213

Malignant neoplasms of digestive organs

85 (39.9)

Neoplasms of uncertain behavior

28 (13.1)

K00-K93 Diseases of gastrointestinal apparatus

189

Disorders of gallbladder, biliary tract and

pancreas

58 (30.6)

A00-B99 Infectious and parasitic diseases

187

Bacterial infection, sepsis and septic shock

169 (90.37)

J00-J99 Diseases of the respiratory system

183

Influenza infection and pneumonia

66 (36.06)

N (number of admissions in the category); n (absolute number of admissions in the subgroup);

relative % (percentage in relation to its subgroup).

As for the length of stay, we observed that the average

length of stay in days was 8.09 plus standard deviation

(SD) ±10.73 (min=0.01 and max=119.61 days). The dis-

eases that presented longer average ICU stay were those

encoded as CID-10 L00-L99, Disorders of the skin and

subcutaneous tissue, with average stay of 12.77 days plus

standard deviation (SD) ±17.07 (min=0.69 and max =24.82

days), followed by Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, CID

A00-B99, with average stay of 10.39 days (SD±12.47) and

Diseases of the Respiratory System, CID J00-J99, with av-

erage stay of 10.34 days (SD±12.06).

Finally, the results show 471 deaths (24.32%) com-

pared to the total 1,936 admissions during the study pe-

riod. The age group with the highest mortality was the

range from 70 to 79 years with 102 deaths (21.65%). The

most prevalent causes of death according to ICD-10 were:

Diseases of the Circulatory System (30.99%), followed by

Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (22.71%) and Injury, Poi-

soning, and Certain Other Consequences of External Causes

(14.43%). In cases of Diseases of the Circulatory System,

deaths in the age range from 60 to 69 years (n=37), were

more prevalent. In Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, death

was more prevalent in the range from 30 to 49 years (n=27),

while in the cases of Injury, Poisoning, and Certain Other

Consequences of External Causes, death was more preva-

lent from 30 to 49 years of age (n=21) (Table 3).

iscussion

Few studies refer to epidemiological surveys in intensive

care units in Brazil and abroad. The exposed data show

that patients received in our ICU are predominantly male,

which is consistent with other studies.

12-16

According to

Ciampone,

men have a higher ICU admission frequen-

cy because they use primary and secondary health care

services less. In the population studied by Gomes,

the

absence of men seeking health services can be explained

by fear of discovering a severe illness, shame to expose

their body to a health professional, the absence of exclu-

sive units for the treatment of men’s health and a limit-

ed availability of public services. As for the age range eval-

uated in our study, seniors predominated, which is in line

with results found by other authors.

15,19

Based on the last

Population Censuses (2000

and 2010

) carried out by

the Brazilian Census Bureau, IBGE, an increase in the el-

derly population is observed. In a projection made for

2060, life expectancy for women will be 84.4 years and for

men, 78.03 years apparently due to improved medical

treatments and quality of life.

We believe that increas-

ing age leads to a higher incidence of disease and there-

fore a greater number of elderly patients in ICUs.

Batista

described the meaning given to the sacred

by patients in a context of hospitalization in Intensive

Care Unit. His study showed that the imminence of death

afflicts people; they seek in religion strength to face their

fears through prayers, rituals and promises. Most patients

in our study had a religious belief and we believe that this

is a feature of the Brazilian culture. In the literature, stud-

ies investigating this variable in ICU patients are scarce.

Schein,

in a study on the profile of seniors admitted

to an intensive care unit in the city of Rio Grande (RS),

showed a majority of white individuals, which is similar to

our study. However, according to Lins,

defining ethnicity

basic on skin color and other physical characteristics is de-

batable in a society such as the Brazilian, with a genetic com-

position that mixes various ethnic backgrounds.

General hospital morbidity under the SUS system, ac-

cording to data from the Datasus

in 2012, Nogueira,

Otto

and our data, point out as most frequent the Dis-

eases of the Circulatory System. In our study, the Ischemic

Heart Diseases and Cerebrovascular Diseases subcatego-

ries are part of this group. They certainly have great glob-

al relevance, with investments in prevention and treatment.