RAMB Março/Abril 2016

azzoli

102

ssoc

ras

2016; 62(2):101-105

bited method; or administration or attempted adminis-

tration to any athlete out-of-competition of a substance

or method that is prohibited out-of-competition;

Assisting, encouraging, aiding, abetting, conspiring,

covering up or any other type of intentional compli-

city involving an anti-doping rule violation;

ypes

doping

control

In-competition control is performed in a specific compe-

tition, such as a soccer game or a swimming competition.

In this type of control, all WADA-prohibited substances

and methods are considered doping.

The out-of-competition control can be performed at

the discretion of International Federations, National

Olympic Committees or National Anti-doping Agencies,

which have a database on the location of athletes, updat-

ed periodically. An athlete may receive a visit from an an-

ti-doping control officer at any time, at home, at the train-

ing facilities, at the workplace or during holidays. In

principle, this type of control can be performed up to 48

hours before a sporting competition.

WADA

list

prohibited

substances

and

methods

As mentioned above, the list of prohibited substances

and methods is annually updated by WADA, always in

the last quarter of the year, coming into force on Janu-

ary 1 of the following year and being valid until Decem-

ber 31 of that year.

The following tables show the prohibited substanc-

es and methods, as updated by WADA for the year of

2016. Table 1 shows the list of prohibited substances and

methods in any in- and out-of-competition testing. Ta-

ble 2 shows the list of prohibited substances and meth-

ods for in-competition testing only. Table 3 shows the

list of prohibited substances in particular sports. The

Tables display the most common substances in each cat-

egory. The complete list can be found in English on WADA

website

(www.wada-ama.org

) or in Portuguese, on the

website of the Brazilian Doping Control Authority (

Au-

toridade Brasileira de Controle de Dopagem

– ABCD): www.

abcd.gov.br.

uthorization

for

therapeutic

use

An athlete can use any substance that is part of WADA

list for medical treatment, after requesting and being

granted a therapeutic use exemption (TUE) to/by the

competent body. It is also necessary that each of the fol-

lowing situations is covered:

That the prohibited substance is necessary to treat an

acute or chronic medical condition, so that the sus-

pension or non-use of the substance significantly wor-

sens the symptoms;

The prohibited substance being claimed for use can-

not enhance the physical performance beyond what

would be expected with the simple treatment and rees-

tablishment of the normal state of the athlete’s health;

There are no other evidence-based alternatives to the

use of the prohibited substance, or – in other words –

that the prohibited substance is considered irreplacea-

ble in the treatment of the athlete’s medical condition;

That the need for the use of the prohibited substance

does not result from previous non-therapeutic use of

any substance or method banned by WADA.

World-class athletes and athletes who participate in an

international competition should apply for TUE direct-

ly from the international federation for their sport. Ath-

letes who participate in national competitions, in turn,

must request a TUE directly from the ABCD, as soon as

possible and within a period not less than 30 days before

the competition. In Brazil, applications should be com-

pleted by the athlete and his/her assisting physician (form

available on the ABCD website). Assessment is made by

the ABCD TUE Commission (CAUT-ABCD); if the CAUT-

-ABCD considers that the use of the substance meets the

criteria defined by the International Standard for Thera-

peutic Use Exemptions, the TUE is granted. Evidently,

the formmust be accompanied by appropriate documen-

tation confirming the diagnosis, including results and

expert opinion reports of the relevant complementary

tests.

If due to a medical emergency a medical doctor has

to administer a prohibited substance, the case must be

reported as soon as possible to the ABCD using the TUE

request system, available from

www.abcd.gov.br.

Docu-

ments proving admission to the emergency room and a

clinical report of the emergency should also be sent. The

request for therapeutic use of a prohibited substance with

retroactive approval is possible only in cases of emergen-

cy treatment due to acute medical conditions, or in ex-

ceptional situations where the sending of the request for

therapeutic use prior to doping control is not possible.

onclusion

One of the principles of doping control is to seek to en-

sure the maintenance of the athlete’s health and fair play.

We must remember that the athlete is responsible for all